[ { "id": "concord-v-anthropic", "name": "Concord Music Group v. Anthropic", "plaintiffs": [ "Concord Music Group", "Universal Music Group", "ABKCO" ], "defendants": [ "Anthropic" ], "court": "US District Court for the Northern District of California (transferred from the Middle District of Tennessee)", "country": "United States", "topic": "copyright", "filed": "2023-10-18", "stage": "summary-judgment", "summary": "Music publishers allege Anthropic copied lyrics from at least 500 songs to train Claude and that Claude reproduces them. The publishers have narrowed the case to direct infringement and removal of copyright management information. A separate suit the publishers filed in January 2026 alleges Anthropic downloaded pirated material.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-10-21", "text": "Judge Eumi Lee heard arguments in San Jose on the parties' summary judgment motions over whether training Claude on lyrics is fair use, and did not rule. Law360 reported that she appeared open to parts of Anthropic's defense." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "sources": [ { "title": "Anthropic's Lyric 'Mash Up' May Be Fair Use, Judge Says", "url": "https://www.law360.com/articles/2540717/anthropic-s-lyric-mash-up-may-be-fair-use-judge-says", "publisher": "Law360", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Is training AI on song lyrics fair use? US court weighs question as India proposes mandatory licensing", "url": "https://www.medianama.com/2026/10/223-training-ai-song-us-court-india-licence-fee/", "publisher": "MediaNama", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Music publishers sue Anthropic for $3B over flagrant piracy of 20,000 works", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/01/29/music-publishers-sue-anthropic-for-3b-over-flagrant-piracy-of-20000-works/", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "type": "independent", "published": "2026-01-29" }, { "title": "Universal Music Group, Concord, ABKCO sue Amazon-backed Anthropic AI for copyright infringement", "url": "https://www.digitalmusicnews.com/2023/10/18/universal-music-group-concord-abkco-sue-amazon-backed-anthropic-ai-for-copyright-infringement/", "publisher": "Digital Music News", "type": "independent", "published": "2023-10-18" } ] }, { "id": "x-corp-v-apple-openai", "name": "X Corp. and xAI v. Apple and OpenAI", "plaintiffs": [ "X Corp.", "xAI" ], "defendants": [ "OpenAI", "Apple" ], "court": "US District Court for the Northern District of Texas (Fort Worth)", "country": "United States", "topic": "antitrust", "filed": "2025-08-25", "stage": "summary-judgment", "summary": "Musk's companies allege that Apple and OpenAI unlawfully tied up the smartphone and chatbot markets through their deal to integrate ChatGPT into iPhones. In November 2025 the court refused to dismiss the suit.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-10-21", "text": "X Corp. and xAI (now reported as SpaceXAI) urged Judge Mark Pittman not to grant OpenAI's 23 September request to end the case, arguing that exclusivity and foreclosure are factual questions for a jury. Apple was dismissed in September after an undisclosed settlement; OpenAI remains a defendant." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "Filed 25 August 2025 in the Northern District of Texas (confirmed by contemporaneous coverage). Stage inferred from OpenAI's request to end the case before trial; the motion's exact type is not confirmed.", "sources": [ { "title": "xAI fires legal rocket at Apple and OpenAI claiming they're locking out Grok", "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2025/08/25/xai_apple_openai_lawsuit/", "publisher": "The Register", "type": "independent", "published": "2025-08-25" }, { "title": "X Says OpenAI Can't Nix iPhone Placement Antitrust Case", "url": "https://www.law360.com/commercialcontracts/articles/2540715", "publisher": "Law360", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Musk's xAI Drops Antitrust Lawsuit Against Apple Over AI Competition", "url": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-09-14/musk-s-xai-resolves-claims-against-apple-over-ai-competition", "publisher": "Bloomberg", "type": "independent", "published": "2026-09-14" }, { "title": "OpenAI, Apple Lose Bid to Toss Musk xAI Suit Over Competition", "url": "https://news.bloomberglaw.com/antitrust/openai-apple-lose-bid-to-toss-musk-xai-suit-over-competition", "publisher": "Bloomberg Law", "type": "independent" } ] }, { "id": "kadrey-v-meta", "name": "Kadrey v. Meta Platforms", "plaintiffs": [ "Richard Kadrey", "Sarah Silverman", "Christopher Golden" ], "defendants": [ "Meta Platforms" ], "court": "US District Court for the Northern District of California", "country": "United States", "topic": "copyright", "filed": "2023-07-07", "stage": "discovery", "summary": "Authors allege Meta infringed their copyrights by downloading their books from shadow libraries, using BitTorrent, to train its Llama models. In June 2025 Judge Vince Chhabria ruled that the training itself was fair use on that record; claims over the downloading and alleged distribution (seeding) of the files remain, consolidated with a separate suit by Entrepreneur Media.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-10-20", "text": "Magistrate Judge Thomas Hixson ordered Meta to identify everyone who made or approved decisions to obtain shadow-library datasets and whether to seed the files, on a motion by Entrepreneur Media. Reports give the order date as 19 or 20 October. It is a discovery order; no court has found Meta liable for the downloads." }, "next_event": { "date": "2026-12-02", "text": "Expert discovery scheduled to close, per the docket. A March 2026 scheduling order set the summary judgment hearing on the distribution claim for 25 February 2027." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "In July 2026 the judge reportedly declined to certify an early appeal of the fair-use ruling.", "related": [ "creative-meta-ordered-name-shadow-library-approvers" ], "sources": [ { "title": "Judge Orders Meta to Name Employees Who Approved Torrenting Anna's Archive and LibGen", "url": "https://torrentfreak.com/judge-orders-meta-to-name-employees-who-approved-torrenting-annas-archive-and-libgen/", "publisher": "TorrentFreak", "type": "independent", "published": "2026-10-20" }, { "title": "Meta's Copyright Win Left Seeding Liability Intact; Judge Orders Executive Disclosures", "url": "https://www.techtimes.com/articles/329304/20261021/metas-copyright-win-left-seeding-liability-intact-judge-orders-executive-disclosures.htm", "publisher": "Tech Times", "type": "independent", "published": "2026-10-21" }, { "title": "Kadrey v. Meta Platforms, Inc., 3:23-cv-03417", "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/67569326/kadrey-v-meta-platforms-inc/?filed_after=&=&filed_before=&=&entry_gte=&=&entry_lte=&=&order_by=desc", "publisher": "CourtListener", "type": "document" }, { "title": "Kadrey v. Meta gets scheduling order. Summary judgment motion hearing for distribution claim won't be heard until Feb. 25, 2027", "url": "https://chatgptiseatingtheworld.com/2026/03/27/kadrey-v-meta-gets-scheduling-order-summary-judgment-motion-hearing-for-distribution-claim-wont-be-heard-until-feb-25-2027/", "publisher": "ChatGPT Is Eating the World", "type": "independent", "published": "2026-03-27" } ] }, { "id": "kentucky-v-character-technologies", "name": "Commonwealth of Kentucky v. Character Technologies", "plaintiffs": [ "Commonwealth of Kentucky (Attorney General Russell Coleman)" ], "defendants": [ "Character Technologies" ], "court": "Franklin Circuit Court, Kentucky", "country": "United States", "topic": "liability", "filed": "2026-01-08", "stage": "filed", "summary": "The first suit by a US state against an AI chatbot company. Kentucky alleges Character.AI engaged in unfair and deceptive practices that endangered children, and unlawfully collected and exploited children's data in violation of the state's consumer data protection law.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-10-14", "text": "After Character Technologies filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on 12 October, Kentucky joined a multistate coalition that filed a notice in the bankruptcy court seeking child-safety and privacy protections in any sale of the company's assets. Earlier, the state court ordered the complaint unsealed. We could not confirm the current stage of the state-court case." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "Reports give the coalition's size as 39 to 41 states. Character.AI agreed to license some technology to Disney in the bankruptcy process.", "related": [ "policy-eight-states-sue-openai-chatgpt-safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "Kentucky Attorney General Files Lawsuit Against Character.AI", "url": "https://technologylaw.fkks.com/post/102m1vi/kentucky-attorney-general-files-lawsuit-against-character-ai", "publisher": "Frankfurt Kurnit Klein & Selz", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Kentucky joins coalition in Character.AI bankruptcy case", "url": "https://www.wsmv.com/2026/10/15/kentucky-joins-coalition-characterai-bankruptcy-case/", "publisher": "WSMV", "type": "independent", "published": "2026-10-15" }, { "title": "Case 26-11603-BLS Doc 33 Filed 10/14/26", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/dkt-33-exhibits.pdf", "publisher": "California Attorney General (copy of bankruptcy filing)", "type": "document" } ] }, { "id": "eight-states-v-openai", "name": "Eight state attorneys general v. OpenAI", "plaintiffs": [ "Arizona", "Arkansas", "Idaho", "Iowa", "Kansas", "Montana", "Nebraska", "West Virginia" ], "defendants": [ "OpenAI" ], "court": "State courts in each of the eight states (separate suits)", "country": "United States", "topic": "liability", "filed": "2026-10-14", "stage": "filed", "summary": "Eight states allege under their consumer protection laws that OpenAI misled users about ChatGPT's safety and that the chatbot harmed children and adults, and also allege a public nuisance. They seek penalties, restitution and orders such as mandatory age assurance. OpenAI disputes the claims.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-10-14", "text": "The eight states filed separate suits on the same day. Officials said more states may follow. OpenAI has not yet filed formal responses." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "related": [ "policy-eight-states-sue-openai-chatgpt-safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "OpenAI sued by 8 states over ChatGPT safety concerns", "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/10/14/openai-sued-by-8-states-over-chatgpt-safety-concerns-.html", "publisher": "CNBC", "type": "independent", "published": "2026-10-14" }, { "title": "Eight states sue OpenAI over ChatGPT's alleged harms to users", "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/openai-sued-eight-states-alleged-harm-chatgpt-rcna603614", "publisher": "NBC News", "type": "independent", "published": "2026-10-14" }, { "title": "Eight states file lawsuits against OpenAI over ChatGPT hurting children and deceiving parents", "url": "https://www.transparencycoalition.ai/news/eight-states-just-filed-a-lawsuit-against-openai-over-kids-online-safety-read-the-full-document-here", "publisher": "Transparency Coalition", "type": "document" } ] }, { "id": "thomson-reuters-v-ross", "name": "Thomson Reuters v. ROSS Intelligence", "plaintiffs": [ "Thomson Reuters Enterprise Centre", "West Publishing" ], "defendants": [ "ROSS Intelligence" ], "court": "US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (No. 25-2153), on appeal from the US District Court for the District of Delaware", "country": "United States", "topic": "copyright", "filed": "2020-05-06", "stage": "decided", "summary": "Thomson Reuters alleged that ROSS used Westlaw headnotes to train a competing AI legal research tool. The trial court found in February 2025 that the headnotes were protected and ROSS's use was not fair use, and allowed an early appeal.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-09-29", "text": "The Third Circuit affirmed, holding that ROSS's use of the headnotes to train its tool was not fair use, the first federal appeals ruling on AI training. The court said ROSS's tool was not generative AI and did not decide that question. The opinion was issued under seal and later unsealed; remaining issues, including damages, return to the district court." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "Whether ROSS will seek rehearing or Supreme Court review was not reported as of 22 October.", "related": [ "creative-third-circuit-ross-westlaw-fair-use" ], "sources": [ { "title": "Association of American Publishers Welcomes the Third Circuit Decision in Favor of Plaintiff in Thomson Reuters v. ROSS Intelligence", "url": "https://publishers.org/news/association-of-american-publishers-welcomes-the-third-circuit-decision-in-favor-of-plaintiff-in-thomson-reuters-v-ross-intelligence/", "publisher": "Association of American Publishers", "type": "primary", "published": "2026-09-30" }, { "title": "Third Circuit Affirms Revised Fair Use Ruling Against ROSS' AI Legal Research Platform in Sealed Opinion", "url": "https://ipwatchdog.com/2026/09/30/third-circuit-affirms-revised-fair-use-ruling-against-ross-ai-legal-research-platform-in-sealed-opinion/", "publisher": "IPWatchdog", "type": "independent", "published": "2026-09-30" }, { "title": "'No more than an ordinary copyright case': 3rd Circuit unseals its opinion in Thomson Reuters case against ROSS", "url": "https://www.lawnext.com/2026/10/no-more-than-an-ordinary-copyright-case-3rd-circuit-unseals-its-opinion-in-thomson-reuters-case-against-ross.html", "publisher": "LawNext", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Update: ROSS Comes Out Swinging, Vows To Fight Thomson Reuters' Lawsuit Alleging Data Theft", "url": "https://www.lawnext.com/2020/05/thomson-reuters-sues-ross-intelligence-claiming-theft-of-proprietary-data.html", "publisher": "LawNext", "type": "independent" } ] }, { "id": "dow-jones-v-perplexity", "name": "Dow Jones & Company v. Perplexity AI", "plaintiffs": [ "Dow Jones & Company", "NYP Holdings (New York Post)" ], "defendants": [ "Perplexity AI" ], "court": "US District Court for the Southern District of New York (No. 1:24-cv-07984)", "country": "United States", "topic": "copyright", "filed": "2024-10-21", "stage": "discovery", "summary": "The Wall Street Journal and New York Post publishers allege Perplexity copied their articles without permission to power its AI answer engine. Judge Katherine Polk Failla refused to dismiss or transfer the case.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-09-15", "text": "A scheduling order set the close of fact discovery for 10 December 2026, with the parties estimating a trial of 10 to 14 days. No trial date has been set." }, "next_event": { "date": "2026-12-10", "text": "Fact discovery scheduled to close; a conference is set for 14 December." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "Filing date confirmed by contemporaneous coverage (21 October 2024). Secondary sources give conflicting earlier discovery deadlines; the September 2026 order is the most recent.", "sources": [ { "title": "Dow Jones, New York Post Sue Perplexity for AI Copyright Infringement", "url": "https://giga.law/daily-news/2024/10/21/dow-jones-new-york-post-sue-perplexity-for-ai-copyright-infringement", "publisher": "Giga Law", "type": "independent", "published": "2024-10-21" }, { "title": "Perplexity AI Can't Escape Dow Jones Training Copyright Suit", "url": "https://news.bloomberglaw.com/ip-law/perplexity-ai-cant-escape-dow-jones-training-copyright-suit", "publisher": "Bloomberg Law", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Dow Jones and New York Post press copyright case as Perplexity nears trial", "url": "https://startupfortune.com/dow-jones-and-new-york-post-press-copyright-case-as-perplexity-nears-trial/", "publisher": "Startup Fortune", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Generative AI Meets Generative Litigation: News Corp Continues Its Battle Against Perplexity AI", "url": "https://natlawreview.com/article/generative-ai-meets-generative-litigation-news-corp-continues-its-battle-against", "publisher": "National Law Review", "type": "independent" } ] }, { "id": "nyt-v-microsoft-openai", "name": "The New York Times Company v. Microsoft and OpenAI", "plaintiffs": [ "The New York Times Company" ], "defendants": [ "Microsoft", "OpenAI" ], "court": "US District Court for the Southern District of New York (In re OpenAI Copyright Infringement Litigation, No. 25-md-03143)", "country": "United States", "topic": "copyright", "filed": "2023-12-27", "stage": "summary-judgment", "summary": "The Times alleges that OpenAI and Microsoft copied its articles without permission to train and run ChatGPT and Copilot. The defendants say training is fair use. The case is now part of a consolidated proceeding with other news and author suits against OpenAI before Judge Sidney Stein.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-09-04", "text": "The news plaintiffs, OpenAI and Microsoft filed cross-motions for summary judgment, according to case trackers. In August the judge refused to let the Times add new secondary-liability theories against Microsoft; a Times motion for sanctions over OpenAI's handling of chat logs, filed in July, is pending. No ruling on fair use has been issued." }, "next_event": { "date": "2026-11-06", "text": "Summary judgment reply briefs due", "according to case trackers.": null }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "Trackers differ on whether summary judgment briefing is complete; the 6 November reply date appears in more than one tracker. The Justice Department filed a statement of interest on 1 September 2026 (advocacy, not a ruling).", "sources": [ { "title": "New York Times Fails to Add Microsoft Claim in OpenAI IP Suit", "url": "https://news.bloomberglaw.com/ip-law/new-york-times-fails-to-add-microsoft-claim-in-openai-ip-suit", "publisher": "Bloomberg Law", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "NYT v OpenAI DOJ Filing September 2026: Case Status and Copyright Stages", "url": "https://www.aivortex.io/legal/ai-case-law/nyt-v-openai/", "publisher": "AI Vortex", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "New York Times v. OpenAI & Microsoft", "url": "https://ailawsuittracker.com/cases/new-york-times-v-openai/", "publisher": "AI Lawsuit Tracker", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "New York Times sues Microsoft, ChatGPT maker OpenAI, alleging copyright infringement", "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/new-york-sues-microsoft-chatgpt-maker-openai-copyright-infringement-rcna131289", "publisher": "NBC News", "type": "independent", "published": "2023-12-27" } ] }, { "id": "authors-guild-v-openai", "name": "Authors Guild v. OpenAI", "plaintiffs": [ "Authors Guild", "John Grisham", "George R.R. Martin", "Jodi Picoult", "David Baldacci", "Jonathan Franzen", "Sylvia Day" ], "defendants": [ "OpenAI" ], "court": "US District Court for the Southern District of New York (In re OpenAI Copyright Infringement Litigation, No. 25-md-03143)", "country": "United States", "topic": "copyright", "filed": "2023-09-19", "stage": "summary-judgment", "summary": "A proposed class action in which the Authors Guild and well-known novelists allege that OpenAI copied their books, including from pirate repositories, to train its models. OpenAI says training is fair use. The case is consolidated with the New York Times suit for pretrial proceedings.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-09-01", "text": "The authors and OpenAI filed opening summary judgment motions in September 2026 (the exact day is not confirmed; the date shown is the first of the month). Class certification will be taken up only after summary judgment." }, "next_event": { "date": "2026-11-06", "text": "Summary judgment reply briefs due." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "Filing date from AP reporting of 20 September 2023 that the suit was filed the previous day (a Tuesday).", "sources": [ { "title": "Authors Guild, Co-Plaintiffs Seek Summary Judgment in OpenAI Case", "url": "https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/101196-authors-guild-co-plaintiffs-seek-summary-judgment-in-openai-case.html", "publisher": "Publishers Weekly", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://authorsguild.org/advocacy/artificial-intelligence/", "publisher": "The Authors Guild", "type": "primary" }, { "title": "John Grisham, George R.R. Martin and more authors sue OpenAI for copyright infringement", "url": "https://mynews13.com/fl/orlando/ap-top-news/2023/09/20/john-grisham-george-rr-martin-and-more-authors-sue-openai-for-copyright-infringement", "publisher": "Associated Press (via Spectrum News 13)", "type": "independent", "published": "2023-09-20" } ] }, { "id": "bartz-v-anthropic", "name": "Bartz v. Anthropic", "plaintiffs": [ "Andrea Bartz", "Charles Graeber", "Kirk Wallace Johnson" ], "defendants": [ "Anthropic" ], "court": "US District Court for the Northern District of California", "country": "United States", "topic": "copyright", "filed": "2024-08-19", "stage": "settled", "summary": "Authors alleged Anthropic trained Claude on pirated copies of their books from sites such as Library Genesis. In June 2025 Judge William Alsup found training on lawfully acquired books could be fair use but downloading and keeping pirated copies was not; Anthropic then agreed to a $1.5 billion class settlement, which the court approved in July 2026.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-08-19", "text": "Lawyers who were left out of the attorneys' fee award filed notices of appeal on 18 and 19 August, challenging the fees. The court had granted final approval and entered judgment on 20 July 2026. Class counsel says no class member filed a timely appeal and that fee-only appeals do not delay payments." }, "next_event": { "date": "2026-11-15", "text": "First payments to authors are expected on or before this date, according to settlement guides, unless a late appeal is allowed to proceed." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "Sources differ slightly on the fee figure (about $101.5 million or $101.6 million) and on the number of objections overruled (53 or 54), so neither is stated.", "sources": [ { "title": "Court Grants Final Approval of $1.5 Billion Anthropic Copyright Settlement", "url": "https://authorsguild.org/news/court-grants-final-approval-anthropic-copyright-settlement/", "publisher": "The Authors Guild", "type": "primary" }, { "title": "Judge approves record $1.5 billion AI copyright settlement involving Anthropic", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/news/2026/07/judge-approves-record-1-5-billion-settlement-involving-anthropic/", "publisher": "JURIST", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "UPDATE: Publishers' Coordination Counsel files notice of appeal of fee award in Bartz v. Anthropic. Does not affect payout schedule.", "url": "https://chatgptiseatingtheworld.com/2026/08/18/update-publishers-coordination-counsel-files-notice-of-appeal-in-bartz-of-fee-award-does-not-affect-payout-schedule/", "publisher": "ChatGPT Is Eating the World", "type": "independent", "published": "2026-08-18" }, { "title": "Bartz v Anthropic: When to Expect Payments, Next Steps", "url": "https://blog.taaonline.net/2026/08/bartz-v-anthropic-when-to-expect-payments-next-steps/", "publisher": "Textbook & Academic Authors Association", "type": "independent" } ] }, { "id": "chatgpt-product-liability-raine", "name": "In re ChatGPT Product Liability Cases (including Raine v. OpenAI)", "plaintiffs": [ "Matthew Raine", "Maria Raine", "other families and users" ], "defendants": [ "OpenAI" ], "court": "San Francisco Superior Court (JCCP No. 5431; Raine is No. CGC-25-628528)", "country": "United States", "topic": "liability", "filed": "2025-08-26", "stage": "discovery", "summary": "Parents of a teenager allege ChatGPT encouraged and helped plan his suicide, and more than 20 other suits allege suicide, wrongful death or psychological harm. OpenAI denies responsibility and argues ChatGPT is a service, not a product subject to strict liability.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-08-04", "text": "The court entered its first case management order in the coordinated proceeding, which was created on 3 February 2026; a plaintiffs' steering committee was appointed in August. We could not confirm the current stage or any ruling since; no trial date has been set." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "Filed date is for Raine v. OpenAI (San Francisco Superior Court, 26 August 2025), confirmed by Bloomberg Law. Current stage of the coordinated cases is not independently confirmed.", "related": [ "policy-eight-states-sue-openai-chatgpt-safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "OpenAI Hit With Suit From Family of Teen Who Died by Suicide", "url": "https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/openai-hit-with-suit-from-family-of-teen-who-died-by-suicide", "publisher": "Bloomberg Law", "type": "independent", "published": "2025-08-26" }, { "title": "California Superior Court Consolidates Product Liability Actions Against OpenAI", "url": "https://www.hunton.com/hunton-retail-law-resource/california-superior-court-consolidates-product-liability-actions-against-openai", "publisher": "Hunton Andrews Kurth", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Raine v. OpenAI (Matthew and Maria Raine)", "url": "https://ailawsuittracker.com/cases/raine-v-openai-matthew-and-maria-raine-cgc-25-628528/", "publisher": "AI Lawsuit Tracker", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Benjamin Schenk Appointed to Plaintiffs' Steering Committee in California ChatGPT Product Liability Litigation", "url": "https://schenklawfirm.com/blog/benjamin-schenk-plaintiffs-steering-committee-chatgpt-litigation", "publisher": "The Schenk Law Firm", "type": "primary" } ] }, { "id": "gema-v-suno", "name": "GEMA v. Suno", "plaintiffs": [ "GEMA" ], "defendants": [ "Suno" ], "court": "Munich Regional Court I (42 O 763/25)", "country": "Germany", "topic": "copyright", "stage": "decided", "summary": "GEMA alleged that Suno trained its music generator on songs from GEMA's repertoire, obtained by stream-ripping YouTube, and that its outputs reproduce them.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-07-31", "text": "The court ruled for GEMA at first instance, finding infringement through training in the US and storage and reproduction in Europe, rejecting US fair use and the EU text-and-data-mining exception, and ordering Suno to stop using six works. Damages were not set. Suno said it was weighing an appeal; the judgment is not final." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "Filed in 2025 according to the case number; the exact filing date is not confirmed, so it is not shown.", "sources": [ { "title": "Suno Loses Landmark AI Lawsuit to German Performing Rights Society GEMA", "url": "https://variety.com/2026/digital/news/suno-loses-ai-lawsuit-gema-1236825010/", "publisher": "Variety", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Munich Regional Court stops Suno using GEMA-protected music", "url": "https://www.juve-patent.com/cases/munich-regional-court-stops-suno-using-gema-protected-music/", "publisher": "JUVE Patent", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "GEMA v Suno: Munich court finds AI music training and outputs infringe copyright, even where training happened in the US", "url": "https://inquisitiveminds.bristows.com/post/102ngsl/gema-v-suno-munich-court-finds-ai-music-training-and-outputs-infringe-copyright", "publisher": "Bristows", "type": "independent" } ] }, { "id": "ani-v-openai", "name": "ANI Media v. OpenAI", "plaintiffs": [ "Asian News International (ANI)" ], "defendants": [ "OpenAI" ], "court": "Delhi High Court (CS(COMM) 1028/2024)", "country": "India", "topic": "copyright", "stage": "trial", "summary": "The Indian news agency alleges OpenAI used its articles to train ChatGPT without permission and that outputs reproduce or misattribute its content. OpenAI disputes the claims and the court's jurisdiction.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-07-24", "text": "Justice Amit Bansal refused ANI's request for an interim injunction, finding provisionally that storing ANI's works for training was protected as fair dealing and that ANI had not shown a likely case on outputs. The findings are not final and the suit continues on the merits; we found no report of an appeal." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "Filed in 2024 according to the case number; the exact filing date is not confirmed, so it is not shown. The main suit is pending a decision on the merits.", "sources": [ { "title": "ANI v. Open AI: Delhi High Court Refuses Interim Injunction in Landmark AI Copyright Dispute", "url": "https://corporate.cyrilamarchandblogs.com/2026/07/ani-v-open-ai-delhi-high-court-refuses-interim-injunction-in-landmark-ai-copyright-dispute/", "publisher": "Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "India's First AI Copyright Ruling: The Delhi High Court In ANI v. OpenAI", "url": "https://www.mondaq.com/india/copyright/1829216/indias-first-ai-copyright-ruling-the-delhi-high-court-in-ani-v-openai", "publisher": "Mondaq", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Public Interest, copyright and fair dealing: ANI v OpenAI", "url": "https://www.scobserver.in/journal/public-interest-copyright-and-fair-dealing-ani-v-openai/", "publisher": "Supreme Court Observer", "type": "independent" } ] }, { "id": "mobley-v-workday", "name": "Mobley v. Workday", "plaintiffs": [ "Derek Mobley" ], "defendants": [ "Workday" ], "court": "US District Court for the Northern District of California (No. 3:23-cv-00770)", "country": "United States", "topic": "employment", "filed": "2023-02-01", "stage": "discovery", "summary": "A job applicant alleges that Workday's AI-based screening tools discriminated against applicants aged 40 and over, and on other grounds including disability. The court has treated the age claim as a nationwide collective action. Workday denies the claims.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-06-22", "text": "The court reportedly let the core discrimination claims proceed while dismissing some others. Earlier in 2026 it authorized notice to applicants aged 40 and over, with an opt-in deadline of 7 March. The case is in discovery; dates of some 2026 orders vary between secondary sources." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "Filed in February 2023 (N.D. Cal. No. 23-cv-00770); the exact day is not confirmed, so the first of the month is shown.", "sources": [ { "title": "Federal Court Authorizes Notice in Lawsuit Challenging AI Hiring Software for Potential Age Discrimination", "url": "https://www.wigginschilds.com/news/workday-case-update/", "publisher": "Wiggins Childs", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Applied Through Workday? Court-Approved Opt-In for Hiring Lawsuit", "url": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/sheilacallaham/2026/01/13/applied-for-a-job-through-workday-court-authorized-opt-in-is-now-open/", "publisher": "Forbes", "type": "independent", "published": "2026-01-13" }, { "title": "The Workday Class Action Lawsuit: Is Your AI at Risk?", "url": "https://www.warden-ai.com/resources/workday-class-action-lawsuit", "publisher": "Warden AI", "type": "independent" } ] }, { "id": "umg-v-suno", "name": "UMG Recordings v. Suno", "plaintiffs": [ "UMG Recordings", "Sony Music Entertainment" ], "defendants": [ "Suno" ], "court": "US District Court for the District of Massachusetts", "country": "United States", "topic": "copyright", "filed": "2024-06-24", "stage": "discovery", "summary": "Major record labels allege that Suno copied sound recordings on a massive scale to train its AI music generator. Warner Music settled in November 2025; Universal and Sony continue. A parallel label suit against Udio is in New York, where Universal and Warner have settled and Sony continues.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Universal and Sony moved to amend the complaint to add 61,026 specific works; the motion was still pending in mid-June. In April, reports described settlement talks between Universal and Suno as at an impasse. We could not confirm any later development." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "Sources disagree on when dispositive motions or a fair-use ruling are due (one says not before 2027). A separate suit against Suno by publisher Reservoir was reported on 19 October 2026 (Music Business Worldwide) and is not tracked here.", "sources": [ { "title": "Major record companies sue AI music generators Suno, Udio for 'mass infringement' of copyright", "url": "https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/major-record-companies-sue-ai-music-generators-suno-udio-for-mass-infringement-of-copyright/", "publisher": "Music Business Worldwide", "type": "independent", "published": "2024-06-24" }, { "title": "Universal Music Group and Suno Hit Settlement Talk Impasse", "url": "https://www.digitalmusicnews.com/2026/04/09/suno-universal-music-lawsuit-settlement-impasse/", "publisher": "Digital Music News", "type": "independent", "published": "2026-04-09" }, { "title": "Universal and Warner press court to end US musicians' lawsuit over Udio, Suno deals", "url": "https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/universal-and-warner-press-court-to-end-us-musicians-lawsuit-over-udio-suno-deals/", "publisher": "Music Business Worldwide", "type": "independent" } ] }, { "id": "musk-v-openai", "name": "Musk v. Altman (Musk v. OpenAI)", "plaintiffs": [ "Elon Musk" ], "defendants": [ "OpenAI", "Sam Altman", "Greg Brockman", "Microsoft" ], "court": "US District Court for the Northern District of California", "country": "United States", "topic": "other", "filed": "2024-02-29", "stage": "decided", "summary": "Musk alleged that OpenAI and its leaders broke commitments to run the company as a nonprofit for public benefit, including through a breach of charitable trust. The defendants denied the claims.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-05-18", "text": "After a three-week trial in Oakland, a jury found in an advisory verdict that Musk sued too late under the statute of limitations, and Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers adopted it and dismissed the case without reaching the merits. Musk said he would appeal to the Ninth Circuit; we could not confirm that a notice of appeal has been docketed." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "First filed in San Francisco Superior Court; coverage dated 1 March 2024 reports it was filed on Thursday, 29 February 2024. Later refiled in federal court.", "sources": [ { "title": "Elon Musk sues OpenAI, CEO Sam Altman for breach of contract", "url": "https://abc7news.com/post/elon-musk-sues-openai-sam-altman-news/14482977/", "publisher": "ABC7 News", "type": "independent", "published": "2024-03-01" }, { "title": "Musk slams Altman trial verdict as a 'technicality,' vows to appeal", "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/05/18/musk-altman-openai-trial-verdict.html", "publisher": "CNBC", "type": "independent", "published": "2026-05-18" }, { "title": "Elon Musk loses US lawsuit against OpenAI", "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/5/18/elon-musk-loses-lawsuit-against-openai", "publisher": "Al Jazeera", "type": "independent", "published": "2026-05-18" } ] }, { "id": "getty-v-stability-us", "name": "Getty Images (US) v. Stability AI", "plaintiffs": [ "Getty Images (US)" ], "defendants": [ "Stability AI" ], "court": "US District Court for the Northern District of California (No. 3:25-cv-06891)", "country": "United States", "topic": "copyright", "filed": "2025-08-14", "stage": "discovery", "summary": "Getty alleges Stability AI copied its photos without permission to train Stable Diffusion, and that outputs misuse its trademarks. Getty dropped its original Delaware suit and refiled in California on the same day in August 2025.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-04-01", "text": "Judge Trina Thompson denied most of Stability's motion to dismiss in April 2026 (exact day not confirmed; the date shown is the first of the month), letting the trademark and unfair-competition claims proceed and dismissing one claim under the DMCA without prejudice. Stability did not challenge the copyright claim at that stage. The case is in discovery." }, "next_event": { "date": "2026-11-05", "text": "Further case management conference, per the docket. A docket listing also shows a jury trial set for January 2028, which one summary does not report." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "sources": [ { "title": "Getty Images (US), Inc. v. Stability AI, Ltd., 3:25-cv-06891", "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71112094/getty-images-us-inc-v-stability-ai-ltd/", "publisher": "CourtListener", "type": "document" }, { "title": "Getty Images (US), Inc. v. Stability AI, Ltd.", "url": "https://www.loeb.com/en/insights/publications/2026/04/getty-images-us-inc-v-stability-ai-ltd", "publisher": "Loeb & Loeb", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Judge Lets Getty's TM Claims Against Stability AI Proceed", "url": "https://www.law360.com/articles/2469412/judge-lets-getty-s-tm-claims-against-stability-ai-proceed", "publisher": "Law360", "type": "independent" } ] }, { "id": "like-company-v-google", "name": "Like Company v. Google Ireland (C-250/25)", "plaintiffs": [ "Like Company" ], "defendants": [ "Google Ireland" ], "court": "Court of Justice of the European Union (reference from a Budapest court)", "country": "European Union", "topic": "copyright", "filed": "2025-04-03", "stage": "trial", "summary": "A Hungarian publisher alleges that Google's Gemini chatbot reproduced substantial parts of its articles and that its content was used for training without permission. A Hungarian court asked the EU's top court whether chatbot answers and model training are acts covered by EU copyright and press-publisher rights, and how the text-and-data-mining exception applies. It is the first generative AI case before the court.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-03-10", "text": "The Grand Chamber held its oral hearing. The Advocate General's opinion was expected on 3 September 2026; we could not confirm whether it was delivered. A judgment is widely expected in 2027." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "Stage: hearing held, awaiting the court's preliminary ruling. Filed date is the date of the referral.", "sources": [ { "title": "Like Company v Google CJEU Holds First-Ever Hearing on Generative AI and Copyright on 10 March 2026", "url": "https://www.twobirds.com/en/insights/2026/like-company-v-google-cjeu-holds-first-ever-hearing-on-generative-ai-and-copyright-on-10-march-2026", "publisher": "Bird & Bird", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "CJEU Grand Chamber rules on music sampling and pastiche - First CJEU hearing on generative AI and copyright", "url": "https://intellectual-property-helpdesk.ec.europa.eu/news-events/news/cjeu-grand-chamber-rules-music-sampling-and-pastiche-first-cjeu-hearing-generative-ai-and-copyright-2026-04-24_en", "publisher": "European IP Helpdesk (European Commission)", "type": "regulatory", "published": "2026-04-24" }, { "title": "CJEU to rule on AI and copyright in a landmark case against Google", "url": "https://www.stephensonharwood.com/insights/cjeu-to-rule-on-ai-and-copyright-in-a-landmark-case-against-google/", "publisher": "Stephenson Harwood", "type": "independent" } ] }, { "id": "garcia-v-character-technologies", "name": "Garcia v. Character Technologies", "plaintiffs": [ "Megan Garcia" ], "defendants": [ "Character Technologies", "Noam Shazeer", "Daniel De Freitas", "Google" ], "court": "US District Court for the Middle District of Florida", "country": "United States", "topic": "liability", "filed": "2024-10-22", "stage": "settled", "summary": "A mother alleged that Character.AI's chatbot contributed to her 14-year-old son's suicide. In May 2025 the court let product-liability claims proceed and declined, at that stage, to treat the chatbot's output as protected speech.", "last_event": { "date": "2026-01-07", "text": "A court filing showed the parties had agreed to settle this case and four related family suits; terms were not disclosed, and no defendant was found liable. Character Technologies filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in Delaware on 12 October 2026." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "Coverage dated 24 October 2024 reports the suit was filed on Tuesday, 22 October 2024, in federal court in Orlando.", "related": [ "policy-eight-states-sue-openai-chatgpt-safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "Mother sues AI chatbot company Character.AI, Google over son's suicide", "url": "https://deccanherald.com/world/mother-sues-ai-chatbot-company-characterai-google-over-sons-suicide-3246431", "publisher": "Deccan Herald (Reuters)", "type": "independent", "published": "2024-10-24" }, { "title": "Character.AI and Google agree to settle lawsuits over teen mental health harms and suicides", "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2026/01/07/business/character-ai-google-settle-teen-suicide-lawsuit", "publisher": "CNN", "type": "independent", "published": "2026-01-07" }, { "title": "Garcia v. Character Technologies et al.", "url": "https://ailawsuittracker.com/cases/garcia-v-character-technologies-et-al-6-2024cv01903/", "publisher": "AI Lawsuit Tracker", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Character.ai files for Chapter 11 after safety lawsuits", "url": "https://dig.watch/updates/characterai-bankruptcy", "publisher": "Digital Watch Observatory", "type": "independent" } ] }, { "id": "getty-v-stability-uk", "name": "Getty Images v. Stability AI (UK)", "plaintiffs": [ "Getty Images" ], "defendants": [ "Stability AI" ], "court": "High Court of England and Wales; appeal pending in the Court of Appeal", "country": "United Kingdom", "topic": "copyright", "filed": "2023-01-01", "stage": "appeal", "summary": "Getty alleged that Stability AI infringed its copyrights and trademarks by training Stable Diffusion on its images. In its November 2025 judgment the High Court rejected Getty's secondary copyright claim, finding the model was not an \"infringing copy,\" while finding some trademark infringement.", "last_event": { "date": "2025-12-16", "text": "The High Court gave Getty permission to appeal on whether an AI model that does not store copies of works can be an \"infringing copy\" under UK law, and refused Stability permission to appeal the trademark findings. No Court of Appeal hearing date has been confirmed; one commentator expects a hearing in late 2026." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "Getty began the UK proceedings in January 2023; the exact date the claim was issued is not confirmed, so the first of the month is used.", "sources": [ { "title": "High Court grants permission to appeal in Getty Images v Stability AI", "url": "https://www.wiggin.co.uk/insight/high-court-grants-permission-to-appeal-in-getty-images-v-stability-ai/", "publisher": "Wiggin", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Permission to appeal granted in Getty Images v Stability copyright claim", "url": "https://ipkitten.blogspot.com/2026/01/permission-to-appeal-granted-in-getty.html", "publisher": "The IPKat", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Next steps for Getty Images v Stability AI: why has permission to appeal been granted and what arguments might the parties run?", "url": "https://www.taylorwessing.com/en/insights-and-events/insights/2026/01/next-steps-for-getty-v-stability-why-has-permission-to-appeal-been-granted", "publisher": "Taylor Wessing", "type": "independent" } ] }, { "id": "gema-v-openai", "name": "GEMA v. OpenAI", "plaintiffs": [ "GEMA" ], "defendants": [ "OpenAI" ], "court": "Munich Regional Court I (42 O 14139/24); appeal at the Munich Higher Regional Court", "country": "Germany", "topic": "copyright", "filed": "2024-11-01", "stage": "appeal", "summary": "The German music rights society alleged that ChatGPT memorized and reproduced song lyrics. The Munich court largely agreed, holding that memorization in the model is a reproduction and that outputs are attributable to OpenAI, and granted injunction, disclosure and damages claims.", "last_event": { "date": "2025-11-11", "text": "Munich Regional Court I ruled largely for GEMA. OpenAI appealed; as of late September 2026 the appeal was pending, according to case trackers, and no appellate hearing date has been reported. The judgment is not final." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "note": "GEMA filed in November 2024 (the case number confirms a 2024 filing); the exact day is not confirmed in our sources, so the first of the month is used.", "sources": [ { "title": "Judgment GEMA v. Open AI", "url": "https://ifrro.org/resources/documents/General/German_Court_OpenAI_Memory_Output_Infringe_Copyright_NOV25.pdf", "publisher": "IFRRO (copy of judgment)", "type": "document" }, { "title": "GEMA vs. OpenAI: Munich Regional Court I issues landmark copyright decision", "url": "https://cms.law/en/deu/legal-updates/gema-vs.-openai-munich-regional-court-i-issues-landmark-copyright-decision", "publisher": "CMS", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "GEMA notches a second transatlantic AI copyright win in Germany", "url": "https://www.reedsmith.com/our-insights/blogs/viewpoints/102nfis/gema-notches-a-second-transatlantic-ai-copyright-win-in-germany/", "publisher": "Reed Smith", "type": "independent" } ] }, { "id": "disney-universal-v-midjourney", "name": "Disney Enterprises and Universal City Studios v. Midjourney", "plaintiffs": [ "Disney", "NBCUniversal", "DreamWorks Animation" ], "defendants": [ "Midjourney" ], "court": "US District Court for the Central District of California", "country": "United States", "topic": "copyright", "filed": "2025-06-11", "stage": "discovery", "summary": "The studios allege Midjourney trained on their films and generates images of their copyrighted characters, and seek damages and an injunction. Midjourney denies infringement and raises fair use.", "last_event": { "date": "2025-11-04", "text": "The court consolidated the case with a similar suit by Warner Bros. Discovery entities. In 2026 Variety reported that Midjourney is seeking discovery into the studios' own use of AI. We could not confirm the date of the latest filings; one tracker reports dispositive motions are due in late November 2026." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "sources": [ { "title": "Disney and Universal team up to sue AI photo generator Midjourney, claiming copyright infringement", "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2025/06/11/tech/disney-universal-midjourney-ai-copyright-lawsuit", "publisher": "CNN", "type": "independent", "published": "2025-06-11" }, { "title": "Midjourney Seeks to Reveal Studios' Use of AI in High-Stakes Copyright Battle", "url": "https://variety.com/2026/film/news/midjourney-studios-ai-copyright-discovery-1236800902/", "publisher": "Variety", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Disney, NBC Universal, and DreamWorks File Major IP Lawsuit Against AI Image Generator Midjourney", "url": "https://www.law.georgetown.edu/tech-institute/research-insights/insights/disney-nbc-universal-and-dreamworks-file-major-ip-lawsuit-against-ai-image-generator-midjourney/", "publisher": "Georgetown Law Tech Institute", "type": "independent" } ] }, { "id": "canadian-news-v-openai", "name": "Toronto Star Newspapers et al. v. OpenAI", "plaintiffs": [ "CBC/Radio-Canada", "Postmedia", "The Globe and Mail", "Torstar", "The Canadian Press" ], "defendants": [ "OpenAI" ], "court": "Ontario Superior Court of Justice", "country": "Canada", "topic": "copyright", "filed": "2024-11-29", "stage": "motion-to-dismiss", "summary": "Canadian news organizations allege OpenAI copied their articles to train ChatGPT, circumvented technical protections, and breached website terms. OpenAI argued Ontario was the wrong forum.", "last_event": { "date": "2025-11-01", "text": "Justice Jessica Kimmel ruled in November 2025 that the Ontario court has jurisdiction over six of the ten OpenAI entities named, letting the suit proceed. Sources give the decision date as 7 or 27 November, so the first of the month is shown. One tracker reports further defense motions and a certification motion in 2026; we could not confirm them." }, "checked_on": "2026-10-22", "sources": [ { "title": "Lawsuit by Canadian news publishers against OpenAI gets green light to proceed in Ontario", "url": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/openai-new-publishers-lawsuit-ontario-9.6995520", "publisher": "CBC News", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Media outlets win motion for Ontario court to hear OpenAI lawsuit", "url": "https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-openai-chatgpt-media-outlets-win-motion-ontario-court/", "publisher": "The Globe and Mail", "type": "independent" }, { "title": "Canadian AI Case Tracker", "url": "https://anandsiu.com/resources/canadian-ai-case-tracker/", "publisher": "Anand & Siu LLP", "type": "independent" } ] } ]